Temperature Variation Operation of Mixed-VT 3T GC-eDRAM for Low Power Applications in 2Kbit Memory Array

Embedded memories were once utilized to transfer information between the CPU and the main memory. The cache storage in most traditional computers was static-random-access-memory (SRAM). Other memory technologies, such as embedded dynamic random-access memory (eDRAM) and spin-transfer-torque random-access memory (STT-RAM), have also been used to store cache data. The SRAM, on the other hand, has a low density and severe leakage issues, and the STT-RAM has high latency and energy consumption when writing. The gain-cell eDRAM (GC-eDRAM), which has a higher density, lower leakage, logic compatibility, and is appropriate for two-port operations, is an attractive option. To speed up data retrieval from the main memory, future processors will require larger and faster-embedded memories. Area overhead, power overhead, and speed performance are all issues with the existing architecture. A unique mixed-V_T 3T GC-eDRAM architecture is suggested in this paper to improve data retention times (DRT) and performance for better energy efficiency in embedded memories. The GC-eDRAM is simulated using a standard complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) with a 130nm technology node transistor. The performance of a 2kbit mixed-V_T 3T GC-eDRAM array were evaluated through corner process simulations. Each memory block is designed and simulated using Mentor Graphics Software. The array, which is based on the suggested bit-cell, has been successfully operated at 400Mhz under a 1V supply and takes up almost 60-75% less space than 6T SRAM using the same technology. When compared to the existing 6T and 4T ULP SRAMs (others' work), the retention power of the proposed GC-eDRAM is around 80-90% lower

Reliability of graphene as charge storage layer in floating gate flash memory

This study aims to investigate the memory performances of graphene as a charge storage layer in the floating gate with difference doping concentration of n-channel and p-channel substrates using Silvaco ATLAS TCAD Tools. The simulation work has been done to determine the performance of flash memory in terms of memory window, P/E characteristics and data retention and have been validated with the experimental work done by other researchers. From the simulation data, the trend of memory window at low P/E voltage is nearly overlapped between simulation and experimental data. The memory window at ±20V P/E voltage for n-channel and p-channel flash memory cell are 15.4V and 15.6V respectively. The data retention for the n-channel flash memory cell is retained by 75% (from 15.4V to 11.6V) whereas for the p-channel flash memory cell is retained by 80% (from 15.6V to 12.5V) after 10 years of extrapolation with -1/1V gate stress which shows that p-channel flash memory cell demonstrates better data retention compared to n-channel flash memory cell

Θ+\Theta^{+} hypernuclei in relativistic mean field model

We have investigated the properties of $\Theta^{+}$ in nuclei within the framework of relativistic mean field. The coupling constants are educed with quark meson coupling model. There is strong attractive interaction for $\Theta^{+}$-nucleus and $\Theta^{+}$ can be bind in nuclei. The depth of optical potential for $\Theta^{+}$ in nuclear matter is estimated.Comment: 12 page

Effects of polysaccharide elicitors from endophytic Bionectria pityrodes Fat6 on the growth and flavonoid production in tartary buckwheat sprout cultures

This study was to examine the effects of four fungal polysaccharides, namely exo-polysaccharide (EPS), water-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (WPS), sodium hydroxideextracted mycelia polysaccharide (SPS), and hydrochloric-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (APS) obtained from the endophytic fungus Bionectra pityrodes Fat6, on the sprout growth and flavonoids production of Fagopyrum tataricum. Without obvious changes in the appearance of the sprouts, the exogenous polysaccharide elicitors notably stimulated the sprout growth and functional metabolites accumulation, and the stimulation effect was mainly depended on the polysaccharide species along with its treatment dose. With application of 150 mg/l of EPS, 150 mg/l of WPS and 200 mg/l of SPS, the total rutin and quercetin yield of buckwheat sprouts was effectively increased to 49.18 mg/(100 sprouts), 50.54 mg/(100 sprouts), and 52.27 mg/(100 sprouts), respectively. That was about 1.57- to 1.66-fold in comparison with the control culture of 31.40 mg/(100 sprouts). Moreover, the present study revealed the accumulation of bioactive flavonoids resulted from the stimulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway by fungal polysaccharide treatments. It could be an efficient strategy for improving the nutritional and functional quality of tartary buckwheat sprouts applied with specific fungal elicitors

Genetic association study between STK39 and CCDC62/HIP1R and Parkinson's disease

10.1371/journal.pone.0079211PLoS ONE811-POLN

Graft-vs-tumor effect in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer treated with nonmyeloablative allogeneic PBSC transplantation

While nonmyeloablative peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (NST) has shown efficacy against several solid tumors, it is untested in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). In a phase II clinical trial, 21 patients with pretreated metastatic NPC underwent NST with sibling PBSC allografts, using CY conditioning, thymic irradiation and in vivo T-cell depletion with thymoglobulin. Stable lymphohematopoietic chimerism was achieved in most patients and prophylactic CYA was tapered at a median of day +30. Seven patients (33%) showed partial response and three (14%) achieved stable disease. Four patients were alive at 2 years and three showed prolonged disease control of 344, 525 and 550 days. With a median follow-up of 209 (4–1147) days, the median PFS was 100 days (95% confidence interval (CI), 66–128 days), and median OS was 209 days (95% CI, 128–236 days). Patients with chronic GVHD had better survival—median OS 426 days (95% CI, 194–NE days) vs 143 days (95% CI, 114–226 days) (P=0.010). Thus, NST may induce meaningful clinical responses in patients with advanced NPC

Suppression of Phase Separation in LiFePO4 Nanoparticles During Battery Discharge

Using a novel electrochemical phase-field model, we question the common belief that LixFePO4 nanoparticles separate into Li-rich and Li-poor phases during battery discharge. For small currents, spinodal decomposition or nucleation leads to moving phase boundaries. Above a critical current density (in the Tafel regime), the spinodal disappears, and particles fill homogeneously, which may explain the superior rate capability and long cycle life of nano-LiFePO4 cathodes.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figure